In machine learning, classification refers to a predictive modeling problem where the target to be predicted is a class label.
In machine learning, regression refers to a predictive modeling problem where the target to be predicted is a continuous variable.
Clustering is the task of dividing the population or data points into a number of groups such that data points in the same groups are more similar to other data points in the same group than those in other groups.
Anomaly detection is identifying data points in data that don't fit the normal patterns. It can be useful to solve many problems including fraud detection, medical diagnosis, etc.
Time series forecasting is the process of analyzing time series data using statistics and modeling to make predictions and inform strategic decision-making